Sea-level rise and extremes in Norway : observations and projections based on IPCC AR6 observations and projections based on IPCC AR6

Greenhouse gas emissions are causing climate warming, glaciers to lose mass, and oceans to warm, leading to global sea-level rise. Norway, previously with falling or stable relative sea levels due to vertical land uplift, is transitioning to rising relative sea levels, most notably in Western and Southern Norway. Coastal average geocentric sea-level rise is measured at 2.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr for 1960-2022. IPCC AR6 projections indicate potential local deviations in sea-level change across the country due to geographical differences. Rising sea levels will increase flood risk and flooding frequency, necessitating timely adaptation measures. Extreme wave and storm surge events could also intensify due to Arctic sea ice retreat.